Title: Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology Volume 1 Series: Author(s): Tina Sanders, Dr Valerie Scanlon Publisher: F.A. Davis Company Year: 2006 ISBN: 0803615469; 9780803615465; 9781429456357; 1429456353 Table of contents : Inside front cover ......Page 2 Essentials of Anatomy and Physiology, Fifth edition......Page 5 Copyright © 2007 by F. A. Davis Company......Page 6 Preface......Page 7 To the Instructor......Page 8 To the Student......Page 10 Acknowledgments......Page 13 Contents......Page 14 CHAPTER 1: Organization and General Plan of the Body ......Page 19 LEVELS OF ORGANIZATION......Page 22 METABOLISM AND HOMEOSTASIS......Page 25 TERMINOLOGY AND GENERAL PLAN OF THE BODY ......Page 30 CHAPTER 2: Some Basic Chemistry ......Page 39 ATOMS......Page 42 CHEMICAL BONDS......Page 43 INORGANIC COMPOUNDS OF IMPORTANCE ......Page 46 ORGANIC COMPOUNDS OF IMPORTANCE ......Page 51 CHAPTER 3: Cells ......Page 65 CELL STRUCTURE......Page 66 CELLULAR TRANSPORT MECHANISMS ......Page 70 THE GENETIC CODE AND PROTEIN SYNTHESIS ......Page 74 CELL DIVISION......Page 78 AGING AND CELLS......Page 81 CHAPTER 4: Tissues and Membranes ......Page 85 EPITHELIAL TISSUE......Page 88 CONNECTIVE TISSUE......Page 92 MUSCLE TISSUE......Page 97 NERVE TISSUE......Page 99 MEMBRANES......Page 100 AGING AND TISSUES......Page 102 CHAPTER 5: The Integumentary System ......Page 107 THE SKIN......Page 108 SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE......Page 117 AGING AND THEINTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM......Page 119 CHAPTER 6: The Skeletal System ......Page 123 CLASSIFICATION OF BONES......Page 124 FACTORS THAT AFFECT BONE GROWTH AND MAINTENANCE ......Page 126 THE SKELETON......Page 130 AGING AND THE SKELETAL SYSTEM......Page 146 CHAPTER 7: The Muscular System ......Page 153 MUSCLE STRUCTURE......Page 156 MUSCLE TONE......Page 158 ENERGY SOURCES FOR MUSCLE CONTRACTION ......Page 159 MUSCLE FIBER—MICROSCOPIC STRUCTURE......Page 160 CONTRACTION—THE SLIDING FILAMENT MECHANISM ......Page 164 RESPONSES TO EXERCISE—MAINTAINING HOMEOSTASIS......Page 165 MAJOR MUSCLES OF THE BODY......Page 167 CHAPTER 8: The Nervous System ......Page 181 NERVE TISSUE......Page 184 TYPES OF NEURONS......Page 188 THE SPINAL CORD......Page 189 THE BRAIN......Page 194 MENINGES AND CEREBROSPINAL FLUID ......Page 202 CRANIAL NERVES......Page 204 THE AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM......Page 205 AGING AND THE NERVOUS SYSTEM......Page 209 CHAPTER 9: The Senses ......Page 215 CHARACTERISTICS OF SENSATIONS......Page 216 CUTANEOUS SENSES......Page 217 SENSE OF TASTE......Page 218 THE EYE......Page 220 THE EAR......Page 228 AGING AND THE SENSES......Page 234 CHAPTER 10: The Endocrine System ......Page 239 THE PITUITARY GLAND......Page 243 THYROID GLAND......Page 249 PANCREAS......Page 251 ADRENAL GLANDS......Page 254 OVARIES......Page 260 OTHER HORMONES......Page 261 MECHANISMS OF HORMONE ACTION ......Page 262 AGING AND THE ENDOCRINE SYSTEM ......Page 263 CHAPTER 11: Blood......Page 269 PLASMA......Page 270 BLOOD CELLS......Page 272 CHAPTER 12: The Heart ......Page 291 CHAMBERS—VESSELS AND VALVES......Page 292 CORONARY VESSELS......Page 295 CARDIAC CYCLE AND HEART SOUNDS......Page 296 CARDIAC CONDUCTION PATHWAY......Page 297 CARDIAC OUTPUT......Page 301 REGULATION OF HEART RATE......Page 302 AGING AND THE HEART......Page 304 CHAPTER 13: The Vascular System ......Page 309 VEINS......Page 310 CAPILLARIES......Page 311 PATHWAYS OF CIRCULATION......Page 314 VELOCITY OF BLOOD FLOW......Page 324 BLOOD PRESSURE......Page 325 REGULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE......Page 328 AGING AND THE VASCULAR SYSTEM ......Page 332 CHAPTER 14: The Lymphatic System and Immunity ......Page 337 LYMPHATIC TISSUE......Page 340 IMMUNITY......Page 345 AGING AND THE LYMPHATIC SYSTEM ......Page 355 CHAPTER 15: The Respiratory System ......Page 361 DIVISIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ......Page 362 MECHANISM OF BREATHING......Page 365 PULMONARY VOLUMES......Page 369 EXCHANGE OF GASES......Page 372 TRANSPORT OF GASES IN THE BLOOD......Page 373 REGULATION OF RESPIRATION......Page 376 RESPIRATION AND ACID–BASE BALANCE......Page 378 AGING AND THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM ......Page 379 CHAPTER 16: The Digestive System ......Page 385 ORAL CAVITY......Page 388 STRUCTURAL LAYERS OF THE ALIMENTARY TUBE ......Page 391 STOMACH......Page 394 SMALL INTESTINE......Page 396 PANCREAS......Page 397 COMPLETION OF DIGESTION AND ABSORPTION ......Page 399 LARGE INTESTINE......Page 403 OTHER FUNCTIONS OF THE LIVER......Page 404 AGING AND THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM ......Page 407 CHAPTER 17: Body Temperature and Metabolism ......Page 413 BODY TEMPERATURE......Page 414 METABOLISM......Page 418 AGING AND METABOLISM......Page 431 CHAPTER 18: The Urinary System ......Page 435 KIDNEYS......Page 439 FORMATION OF URINE......Page 442 THE KIDNEYS AND ACID–BASE BALANCE ......Page 446 OTHER FUNCTIONS OF THE KIDNEYS ......Page 447 ELIMINATION OF URINE......Page 449 CHARACTERISTICS OF URINE......Page 450 AGING AND THE URINARY SYSTEM......Page 451 CHAPTER 19: Fluid–Electrolyte and Acid–Base Balance ......Page 457 WATER COMPARTMENTS......Page 460 WATER INTAKE AND OUTPUT......Page 461 ELECTROLYTES......Page 463 ACID–BASE BALANCE......Page 464 AGING AND FLUID AND pH REGULATION ......Page 468 CHAPTER 20: The Reproductive Systems ......Page 473 MEIOSIS......Page 474 MALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM......Page 475 FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM......Page 480 AGING AND THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEMS ......Page 488 CHAPTER 21: Human Development and Genetics ......Page 493 HUMAN DEVELOPMENT......Page 494 GENETICS......Page 504 CHAPTER 22: An Introduction to Microbiology and Human Disease ......Page 515 CLASSIFICATION OFMICROORGANISMS......Page 516 INFECTIOUS DISEASE......Page 518 EPIDEMIOLOGY......Page 521 METHODS OF CONTROL OF MICROBES ......Page 522 THE PATHOGENS......Page 525 Appendix A: Units of Measure ......Page 546 Appendix B: Abbreviations ......Page 548 Appendix C: Normal Values for Some Commonly Used Blood Tests ......Page 550 Appendix D: Normal Values for Some Commonly Used Urine Tests ......Page 551 Appendix E: Eponymous Terms ......Page 552 Appendix F: Prefixes, Combining Word Roots, and Suffixes Used in Medical Terminology ......Page 553 Appendix G: Answers to Illustration Questions ......Page 557 Glossary......Page 565 Index......Page 607